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  • Language
    • Grammar
      • Adjectives
        • Comparison
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        • Difference between adjectives and adverbs
      • Articles
        • a / an
        • the
      • Clauses
        • Non-restrictive clauses
        • Restrictive clauses
      • Conjunctions
        • as well as
        • nor
        • Pairs
          • rather... than...
          • the ..., the ...
        • while / whereas
      • Contractions
        • it is
      • Nouns
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      • Possessive
        • its
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      • Pronouns
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        • none / no one
        • one as indefinite
        • one as numerical
        • Relative
          • that
          • when
          • where
          • which
          • who
          • whom
          • whose
      • Subject–verb agreement (concord)
        • Compound subject
        • The verb be
          • am / is / was
          • are / were
          • is / are
        • The verb have
          • had
          • has
          • have
          • have to / have got to
        • Verbs and the -s ending
      • Subjunctive mood
    • Style
      • Adjectives
        • former / latter
        • less / fewer
      • Auxiliary verbs
        • shall / will
      • Latin words
        • data
        • Plural Latin nouns
      • Nouns
        • Combined singular/plural
      • Prepositions
        • Ending sentences
        • The infinitive marker to
      • Pronouns
        • Choosing relative pronouns
          • in which / where / when
          • that which / what
          • who / that
          • whose / of which
          • why / that
        • Pronoun gender
        • Using demonstrative adjectives
      • Referring to yourself
      • Similar but not synonymous
        • affect / effect
        • complement / compliment
        • limit / delimit
        • losing / loosing
      • Transition words
        • as a result / consequently
        • because / as
        • by contast / in contrast
        • consequently / subsequently
        • contrary to / unlike
        • however
        • moreover / furthermore / in addition / additionally
        • nevertheless / nonetheless
        • similarly
        • therefore
        • thus / thereby / hence
        • yet / still
      • Using contractions
      • Using the passive voice
      • Using the subjunctive mood
  • Sentence structure
    • Adverbial placement
    • Subject extraposition
    • While-patterns
    • with regard to / with respect to
  • Structure
    • Abstract
    • Background
    • Conclusion
    • Discussion
    • Disposition
    • Extra-text elements
      • Appendix
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      • Contents
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    • Introduction
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    • Response
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    • Statement of purpose
    • Summary
  • Writing conventions
    • Abbreviations
      • Acronyms
      • Common text abbreviations (e.g., i.e., et al., etc.)
        • and/or
        • anon.
        • c. / ca.
        • cf.
        • def.
        • e.g. and i.e.
        • ed. / ed.s
        • et al.
        • etc.
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        • ms. / mss.
        • n/a
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        • nd
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        • p. / pp.
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        • UP
        • viz.
        • vol. / vols.
        • vs.
      • Measurements
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      • Number range
      • Numeral punctuation
      • Numerals
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    • Styles of documentation
      • Chicago (Oxford)
        • Bibliography entry
        • In-text citation
      • Harvard
        • Bibliography/Reference list entry
        • In-text citation
      • MLA (Modern Language Association)
        • Bibliography entry
        • In-text citation
      • Numbered (Vancouver)
        • In-text citation
        • Reference list entry
 
  • Transition words
    • as a result / consequently
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 2
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 6
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 2
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 4
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 5
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 6
      • as a result / consequently

        Expressions such as ”as a result” and ”consequently” indicate that what is written here follows from the preceding statement(s), which helps the reader understand the link between these sentences.

        As a result, using multimedia in the classroom will have a positive effect on learning and understanding.

        Since the faculty member is not supposed to see this sheet prior to return of the processed data, he can not elect this option. Consequently, there is no apparent need of this data element.

    • because / as
      • EROD activity and mRNA expression of CYP1A and vitellogenin in rainbow trout
      • Game Save Incorporation in Game Design, Abstract
      • Game Save Incorporation in Game Design, ch. 4
      • Game Save Incorporation in Game Design, ch. 5
      • Identifying the Effects of Low Emission Zones, ch. 7
      • Laundry Machine Booking System, ch. 1
      • Laundry Machine Booking System, ch. 2
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 3
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 4
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 5
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 2
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 3
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 4
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 2
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 4
      • because / as

        The words because and as can be used as transition words that indicate causation, and they are nearly synonymous. Because is the more general purpose word meaning ‘as a result of’, and can be used in almost all circumstances. As means ‘with the reason being that’.

        Because the male characters in The Great Gatsby build their selves around their wives or lovers, they are vulnerable.

        It was not always beneficial to increase the magnetic energy further, as the stator steel was saturated at about 1.8 T.

    • by contast / in contrast
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 4
      • by contrast / in contrast

        The expression ”by contrast” (and less frequently: ”in contrast”) indicate that what follows is in contrast to what was said immediately before this.

        Nicaragua uses a system similar to the precinct system in the United States, whereby polling stations are distributed through all urban neighborhoods and registered voters are assigned to the station closest to their residence. In E1 Salvador, by contrast, voters in each municipality are assigned to voting stations alphabetically.

    • consequently / subsequently
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 2
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 4
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 5
      • consequently / subsequently

        Consequently and subsequently are useful transition words, but they are not synonyms.  The word consequently means approximately ‘resulting from’, and is rather like the word ‘therefore’. The word subsequently means ‘after that’, and should be used only to describe the order in which two things happen or occur.

        The company announced record profits. Consequently, all employees got bonuses. (Employees got bonuses because of the profits.)

        The company announced record profits. Subsequently, the CEO accepted a job at a different company. (The CEO left after the record profits were announced; the profits and the CEO leaving are not necessarily related events.)

         

    • contrary to / unlike
      • Anonymous Artefacts and Revealing Runes, ch. 1
      • Game Save Incorporation in Game Design, ch. 5
      • contrary to / unlike

        The expressions ”contrary to” and ”unlike” can be used to compare and contrast two propositions.

        Unlike the U.S. Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court does not hear criminal cases.

        In contrast to the M. pneumoniae findings, we found no significant differences in clinical characteristics.

    • however
      • Anonymous Artefacts and Revealing Runes, ch. 1
      • Anonymous Artefacts and Revealing Runes, ch. 3
      • Anonymous Artefacts and Revealing Runes, ch. 4
      • EROD activity and mRNA expression of CYP1A and vitellogenin in rainbow trout
      • Filtering Algorithms for Discrete Cumulative Resources, Abstract
      • Game Save Incorporation in Game Design, ch. 4
      • Game Save Incorporation in Game Design, ch. 5
      • Identifying the Effects of Low Emission Zones, ch. 7
      • Laundry Machine Booking System, ch. 1
      • Laundry Machine Booking System, ch. 2
      • Laundry Machine Booking System, ch. 3
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 3
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 4
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 2
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 4
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 6
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 2
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 3
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 4
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 5
      • however

        The transition word however signals to the reader that what is to follow is a contrast or exception to what has been said just before in the text.

        The magnetic energy was increased by changing the pole shoes. However, there is an upper limit to how high the magnetic field in the stator steel should be to work at its best.

         

    • moreover / furthermore / in addition / additionally
      • Filtering Algorithms for Discrete Cumulative Resources, Abstract
      • Game Save Incorporation in Game Design, ch. 5
      • Identifying the Effects of Low Emission Zones, ch. 7
      • Laundry Machine Booking System, ch. 1
      • Laundry Machine Booking System, ch. 3
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 3
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 4
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 2
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 3
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 4
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 6
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 3
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 4
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 5
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 6
      • moreover / furthermore / in addition / additionally

        The words moreover, in addition, additionally, and furthermore can be used as transition words to indicate that additional information will be presented.

        Short range weather forecasts can predict where a storm will happen, but longer range forecasts often cannot. Moreover/Additionally/In addition, calculating even a short range forecast can be very computationally intensive. Furthermore, even if a pilot had a powerful computer, it would still be impossible to forecast the exact timing and location of a lightening strike.

    • nevertheless / nonetheless
      • Anonymous Artefacts and Revealing Runes, ch. 1
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 3
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 4
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 4
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 5
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 6
      • nevertheless / nonetheless

        The linking words ”nevertheless” and ”nonetheless” indicate that what follows is in contrast to what is stated in the previous sentence or paragraph; more specifically, they are used similarly to ”even so” or ”all the same”.

        This student was not participating as other students were; nevertheless, he was making a meaningful contribution to the ensemble.

    • similarly
      • Laundry Machine Booking System, ch. 2
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 6
      • similarly

        The expression  ”similarly” (and less commonly ”in the same line”) indicate that what follows is similar to (but not exactly the same as) what has been said immediately before this.

        Policy makers are now much more aware of the need to manage these substances through government policies and programs […]. Similarly, the public is becoming more aware of the health hazards associated with PBTSs.

    • therefore
      • Filtering Algorithms for Discrete Cumulative Resources, ch. 1
      • Identifying the Effects of Low Emission Zones, ch. 7
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 3
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 4
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 2
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 4
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 5
      • therefore

        The words therefore means approximately ‘as a result’. It also has a formal meaning in mathematics. It should generally be used when a conclusion is clear or unarguable (or if you’d like to make your conclusion appear that way).

        In the eyes of employers, this potential is valuable and therefore compensated through the wage.

        The inhabitants of the new world are men who have been “unsexed by failure” (Mead 318) and therefore do not exist except as “ghosts, breathing dreams like air” (154).

        Note that therefore cannot function alone as a conjunjunction joining two independent clauses (in these examples, “and” is the conjunction).

    • thus / thereby / hence
      • EROD activity and mRNA expression of CYP1A and vitellogenin in rainbow trout
      • Game Save Incorporation in Game Design, ch. 5
      • Identifying the Effects of Low Emission Zones, ch. 7
      • Local Man Loses Pants, Life. Ch. 3
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, Abstract
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 2
      • Predicting Aviation Hazards During Convective Events, ch. 4
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 2
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 3
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 4
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 5
      • The Distribution of Human Capital in Sweden, ch. 6
      • thus / hence

        The words thus and hence are both formal ways saying ‘as a result’. In formal texts, it is often suggested to use them slightly differently. Thus is used to indicate a conclusion about something that has happened in the past, while hence is used to indicate something that will happen in the future.

        Profits were higher last quater; thus, everyone got a raise. ⇒ The raise already happened.

        Profits were higher last quarter; hence, everyone is expecting a raise. ⇒ The raise hasn’t happened yet.

    • yet / still
      • yet / still

        The linking words ”yet” and ”still” indicate that what follows is in contrast to what is stated in the previous sentence or paragraph. More specifically, they are used similarly to expressions such as ”even so” and ”all the same” (see ”nevertheless”).

        The Abrahamic traditions offer many answers to the problem of evil. Yet, after all explanations are given, an element of mystery remains.

         

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