• Chicago (Oxford)

    • Chicago

      In the Chicago documentation style (also sometimes called the Oxford system), a number indicating a footnote is used in the text. The source text is either reported in its entirety in the footnote, or in endnotes. The footnote numbering system may start over at the beginning of each chapter.

      Here is an example of a citation in the running text:

      “This is the only translation that exists, but it is censored, as some of its content, especially regarding the Swedish royal family, was deemed inappropriate.8“

      Here is the corresponding footnote, at the bottom of the page:

      8 Gunnar Wetterberg, “Handelsavtalet med England före sin tid”, Svenska Dagbladet (4/28/2004)

      The work then also appears in the Bibliography, like this:

      Wetterberg, Gunnar, “Handelsavtalet med England före sin tid”, Svenska Dagbladet (4/28/2004).

    • Bibliography entry

      • Chicago bibliography entry

        The Chicago or Oxford style may include a comprehensive bibliography at the end of the work or chapter. These entries will look something like the following.

        Book:

        Smith, Arnold. Living together or apart: An Investigation of the Housing Preferences among College Students. New York: Harper & Lea Publishers, 2006.

        Journal:

        Smith, Arnold, “Living together or apart: An Investigation of the Housing Preferences among College Students,” Journal of Architecture 53 (1998): 78-103.

    • In-text citation

      • Chicago reference

        The Chicago style (or Oxford style) uses footnotes in the text, and the source is reported in the footnote.

        The footnote used in the text will look like this:

        “Arnold Smith has studied this phenomenom at length.1“

        The footnote at the bottom of the page will look like this:

        1 Arnold Smith, Living together or apart: An Investigation of the Housing Preferences among College Students (New York: Harper & Lea Publishers, 1998), 82–83.

        For subsequent mentions of the paper, on the same page or on other pages, the citation is shortened:

        2 Smith, Living together or apart, 88.