In the Numbered (or Vancouver) system, citations in the text are made by using the work’s number in the references cited section. If the author’s name is used, the reference number is also given. If a page number is referenced, it is usually included in the brackets.

Edge-finding was first applied to scheduling problems in [2], and since that time several efficient algorithms have been developed for the disjunctive case [10, 41].

As recently as 2004, Vilím [41] proposed a new algorithm for cumulative edge finding, a entirely novel idea that accelerated developments in the field [36, p.25].

Boldface has been added here for emphasis, although some journals will also put the numbers in boldface or italics.